Perceived Stress and Self-Efficacy Among the Elderly in Tidal Flood-Prone Communities: A Socioepidemiological Perspective Study
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Abstract
The elderly population in a coastal area is exposed to dual ecological risks from tidal flooding and psychosocial stress. This study explored the relationship between perceived stress and self-efficacy among the elderly population in a community affected by tidal flooding in Demak Regency, Indonesia. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 60 elderly participants (aged > 60) from three tidal flooding villages: Purwosari, Bedono, and Sriwulan. Data on perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale-10) and self-efficacy (General Self-Efficacy Scale) were collected pre-post. Statistical analysis included paired t-tests and Pearson correlations. The mean perceived stress score decreased from 22.1 (SD ± 5.6) to 16.8 (SD ± 6.1), while self-efficacy increased from 21.5 (SD ± 6.3) to 26.4 (SD ± 5.8). Changes in stress levels were not statistically significant (p = 0.067), but self-efficacy showed a significant increase (p < 0.01). A moderate negative correlation (r = -0.46; p < 0.01) was found between post-intervention stress and self-efficacy. Although perceived stress in elderly decreased post-intervention without reaching statistical significance, the significant increase in self-efficacy suggests the potential of community-based interventions to enhance psychosocial resilience. Integrating these strategies in areas prone to tidal flooding could improve elderly well-being and disaster preparedness.
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