Formulation Of Herbal Soap From 96% Ethanol Extract Of Butterfly Pea Flowers (Clitorea Ternatea L.) With Variations In NaOH And Stearic Acid Concentrations
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Abstract
Soap is an essential hygiene product used daily. The use of herbal ingredients such as butterfly pea flowers (Clitorea ternatea L.), which contain flavonoids and antioxidant compounds, offers a natural alternative in soap making. The addition of varying concentrations of NaOH as a saponifying agent and stearic acid as a hardener is believed to affect the soap's physical qualities. This study used a laboratory experimental method with a herbal soap formulation based on 96% ethanol extract of butterfly pea flowers with the addition of varying concentrations of NaOH and stearic acid in three formula variations (F1, F2, F3). Evaluation was carried out through organoleptic tests, pH, homogeneity, foam height, and water content. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Product and Service Solution with normality tests (Shapiro-Wilk), homogeneity (Levene's), Kruskal-Wallis, and continued with the Mann-Whitney test. The test results showed that there were significant differences in pH value (p value = 0.046), foam height (p value = 0.026), and water content (p value = 0.026) between the formulas. The Mann-Whitney test showed significant differences, especially between F1 and F3. The organoleptic test results showed that all formulas had a distinctive odor, color with different intensity, and appropriate shape. The homogeneity test showed that F1 and F2 had a homogeneous texture, while F3 showed slight inhomogeneity. Overall, F2 gave the best results for all test parameters. Variations in NaOH and stearic acid concentrations affected the physical characteristics of butterfly pea herbal soap. F2 was deemed the best formula based on its pH balance, foam stability, low water content, and good appearance and texture
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