The Effect of Classical Music Therapy on Reducing Anxiety Levels in Preoperative Patients at RSI Sunan Kudus
Main Article Content
Abstract
Abstract. Preoperative anxiety is one of the most common psychological responses experienced by patients before surgery.
Excessive anxiety may trigger physiological changes, including increased heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and stress
hormone secretion, potentially affecting surgical outcomes and postoperative recovery. Classical music therapy has been
recognized as a safe, inexpensive, and non-pharmacological nursing intervention that promotes relaxation and reduces anxiety.
This study aimed to determine the effect of classical music therapy on anxiety levels among preoperative patients at RSI Sunan
Kudus. A quantitative pre-experimental study with a one-group pretest-posttest design was conducted involving fifteen
preoperative patients selected using purposive sampling. Anxiety levels were measured using the Amsterdam Preoperative
Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS) before and after the intervention. Participants received classical music therapy for
approximately 20 minutes before surgery. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test with a significance level
of 0.05. Prior to the intervention, most respondents experienced severe anxiety (46.7%). Following classical music therapy,
no respondents remained in the severe anxiety category, while the majority experienced moderate anxiety (60.0%) and one
respondent (6.7%) reported no anxiety. Statistical analysis demonstrated a significant reduction in anxiety levels after the
intervention (Z = -3.451; p = 0.001). Classical music therapy significantly reduces anxiety levels among preoperative patients
and may be recommended as an effective complementary nursing intervention to improve patients' psychological readiness
before surgery.
Downloads
Article Details
References
Asyie, A., et al. (2025). Anxiety disorders and psychological adaptation in clinical nursing
practice. Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 14(1), 15–24.
Azizah, A. S., & Ardiani, N. D. (2024). Penerapan terapi musik dalam penurunan kecemasan
pada pasien intra operatif sectio caesarea di ruang instalasi bedah sentral RSUD
Kartini Karanganyar. Jurnal Keperawatan, 16(2), 120–128.
Basri, & Lingga, D. L. (2019). Pengaruh terapi musik klasik terhadap kecemasan pasien pre
operasi di Instalasi Bedah Pusat RSUP H. Adam Malik Medan. Jurnal
Keperawatan Priority, 2(1), 56–63.
Dibabu, Y., et al. (2023). Gender differences in anxiety disorders among adult patients: A
systematic review. BMC Psychiatry, 23, 421.
Eva. (2022). Keperawatan Perioperatif. Jakarta: EGC.
Fatkhul, M., et al. (2024). Factors associated with anxiety among adult surgical patients.
Journal of Perioperative Nursing, 37(2), 91–99.
Ferhati, R., et al. (2024). Clinical manifestations of anxiety disorders in hospitalized patients.
International Journal of Nursing Practice, 30(2), e13254.
Fujillah, A., et al. (2025). Preoperative anxiety and perioperative nursing management. Journal
of Clinical Nursing Research, 18(1), 45–55.
Hastuti, D. (2024). Keperawatan Jiwa. Yogyakarta: Nuha Medika.
Hinkle, J. L., Cheever, K. H., & Overbaugh, K. J. (2022). Brunner & Suddarth's Textbook of
Medical-Surgical Nursing (15th ed.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer.
Izzati, F. H., et al. (2020). Classical music therapy reduces anxiety in patients undergoing
medical procedures. Jurnal Keperawatan Indonesia, 23(3), 175–183.
Nixson. (2021). Keperawatan Keseh