Formulation and Physical Stability Evaluation of Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia L.) Leaf Extract Shampoo

Abstract

Shampoo is a cosmetic preparation used to cleanse the scalp, and its effectiveness can be enhanced by incorporating natural ingredients.Bitter melon leaves (Momordica charantia L.) contain active flavonoids and alkaloids that have the potential provide beneficial effects on hair and scalp health. This study aimed to determine the physical characteristics and stability of bitter melon leaf extract shampoo preparations with varying concentrations of the gelling agent carbopol 940. This was an experimental study using a completely randomized, one-factor design, where variations in carbopol 940 concentration affected the physical characteristics of the shampoo preparations. The formulations were evaluated for organoleptic properties, pH, viscosity, foam height, and mechanical stability.and mechanical stability tests using centrifugation at 3,600 rpm for 30 minutes. Statistical analysis was performed using normality and homogeneity tests, followed by ANOVA and post hoc tests or Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests with a 95% confidence level (α=0.05). The results showed that increasing the concentration of carbopol 940 significantly increased the specific gravity (0.9821– 1.0240 g/mL) and viscosity (520–3.440 cPs). The Kruskal-Wallis test showed a P value <0.05 for the specific gravity (P = 0.027) and viscosity (P = 0.020), indicating a significant difference between the formulas. All formulas met SNI 06-2692-1992 for pH (9.0), foam height (4.5 cm), and organoleptic parameters. Stability tests showed reversible phase separation, thus all three formulas were declared stable. In conclusion, the concentration of carbopol 940 significantly affected the specific gravity and viscosity and exhibited reversible stability.