Comparison of the Hepatoprotective Effectiveness of Ethanol Extract of Moringa oleifera L. and Elephantopus scaber Linn. Leaves on ALT (SGPT) Levels in Mice
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Abstract
Hepatoprotective agents are substances that help protect the liver from damage caused by hepatotoxic compounds. Liver injury can be identified by elevated serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) levels, which indicate hepatocellular damage. Moringa oleifera L. (moringa) leaves and Elephantopus scaber L. (elephant's foot) leaves contain bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and tannins, which are believed to exert hepatoprotective effects through their antioxidant properties. This study aimed to compare the hepatoprotective activities of ethanolic extracts of Moringa oleifera leaves and Elephantopus scaber leaves against SGPT elevation in mice induced with a toxic dose of paracetamol. This experimental study employed a posttest-only control group design using 20 male Swiss Webster mice randomly assigned to four groups: negative control (0.5% CMC), positive control (silymarin 200 mg/kg BW), Moringa oleifera leaf ethanolic extract (250 mg/kg BW), and Elephantopus scaber leaf ethanolic extract (450 mg/kg BW). One hour after treatment administration, mice received oral paracetamol at 2 g/kg BW for 14 consecutive days. Serum SGPT levels were measured spectrophotometrically. The results demonstrated that both extracts significantly reduced SGPT levels compared with the negative control. The hepatoprotective activity of the Moringa oleifera leaf extract was significantly greater than that of the Elephantopus scaber leaf extract (p≤0.05) and was not significantly different from that of silymarin (p>0.05). In conclusion, both extracts exhibited hepatoprotective activity; however, the ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera leaves showed superior hepatoprotective efficacy and was comparable to silymarin in protecting against paracetamol-induced liver injury
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