The Effect Of Xanthan Gum Concentration Variations On The Physical Quality Of Serum Containing Ethanol Extract Of Brown Seaweed (Sargassum Polycystum)

Abstract

Brown seaweed (Sargassum polycystum) is an Indonesian marine resource rich in secondary metabolites with potent antioxidant activity, making it a potential active ingredient for anti-aging cosmetics. Facial serum formulations require thickening agents, such as xanthan gum, to achieve optimal and stable physical characteristics during application. This study aimed to investigate the effect of varying xanthan gum concentrations on the physical quality of the serum and to determine the best formula based on physical quality parameters. The serum was formulated with varying xanthan gum concentrations F1 (0.5%), F2 (1%), and F3 (1.5%). Physical quality evaluations included tests for organoleptic properties, homogeneity, pH, spreadability, adhesiveness, viscosity, and drying time. Data analysis was conducted using both descriptive and quantitative methods, specifically calculating means and standard deviations. Phytochemical screening of the brown seaweed (Sargassum polycystum) ethanolic extract tested positive for flavonoids, phenolics, steroids, saponins, tannins, and triterpenoids. The obtained concentrated extract had a yield of 1.66%. Physical quality test results indicated that all formulas were homogeneous and met the requirements for viscosity (230–3000 cPs) and ideal drying time (< 5 minutes). Formulas II and III, containing 1% and 1.5% xanthan gum respectively, yielded the most ideal serum characteristics: homogeneity, optimal viscosity (within the 230–3000 cPs range), and a drying time of less than 5 minutes, allowing for effective absorption of the active ingredients into the skin.