The Relationship between Vasomotor Symptoms and Quality of Life in Premenopausal Women
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Abstract
Premenopause is a transitional phase preceding menopause characterized by hormonal changes, particularly declining estrogen levels. Vasomotor symptoms, including hot flashes and night sweats, are the most common complaints during this period and may adversely affect physical, psychological, and social well-being, resulting in reduced quality of life. However, evidence regarding the relationship between vasomotor symptoms and quality of life among premenopausal women in Indonesian primary healthcare settings remains limited. Objective: To examine the relationship between vasomotor symptoms and quality of life among premenopausal women at Jati Primary Health Center, Kudus Regency, Indonesia. Methods: This quantitative study employed an analytical observational design with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 50 premenopausal women aged 40–55 years were recruited using purposive sampling. Vasomotor symptoms were assessed using the vasomotor subscale of the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS), while quality of life was measured using the MenopauseSpecific Quality of Life Questionnaire (MENQOL). Both variables were analyzed as continuous data. Normality was assessed using the Shapiro–Wilk test, which demonstrated non-normal data distribution (p<0.05). Therefore, the relationship between variables was analyzed using Spearman's rank correlation test with a significance level of 5%. Results: The mean vasomotor symptom score was 2.84 ± 0.97, with a median of 3, ranging from 0 to 4. The mean MENQOL score was 84.62 ± 20.31, with a median of 83, ranging from 39 to 146. Spearman's rank correlation analysis demonstrated a statistically significant strong positive correlation between vasomotor symptoms and quality of life (r = 0.612; p < 0.001). Higher vasomotor symptom scores were associated with higher MENQOL scores, indicating poorer quality of life. Conclusion: There was a statistically significant strong positive relationship between vasomotor symptoms and quality of life among premenopausal women. Increasing severity of vasomotor symptoms was associated with poorer quality of life. Early identification, health education, and appropriate management of vasomotor symptoms in primary healthcare settings are recommended to improve women's quality of life during the menopausal transition.
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